Add SqlExceptionTranslator for custom SQL error handling

Introduced SqlExceptionTranslator and ISqlExceptionTranslator to translate SQL exceptions into user-friendly error messages for bad request scenarios. Uses configurable options to identify relevant error numbers and format messages with templates.

src/ReC.Application/Common/Procedures/SqlExceptionTranslator.cs

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+using Microsoft.Data.SqlClient;
+using Microsoft.Extensions.Options;
+using ReC.Application.Common.Options;
+
+namespace ReC.Application.Common.Procedures;
+
+internal interface ISqlExceptionTranslator
+{
+    bool IsBadRequestDataIssue(SqlException exception);
+
+    string BuildBadRequestMessage(string operation, string? entity, SqlException exception);
+}
+
+internal sealed class SqlExceptionTranslator : ISqlExceptionTranslator
+{
+    private readonly IOptionsMonitor<SqlExceptionTranslatorOptions> _optionsMonitor;
+
+    public SqlExceptionTranslator(IOptionsMonitor<SqlExceptionTranslatorOptions> optionsMonitor)
+    {
+        _optionsMonitor = optionsMonitor;
+    }
+
+    public bool IsBadRequestDataIssue(SqlException exception)
+    {
+        var options = _optionsMonitor.CurrentValue;
+
+        if (options.BadRequestErrorNumbers is { Count: > 0 } &&
+            options.BadRequestErrorNumbers.Contains(exception.Number))
+        {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        return options.BadRequestMessages?.ContainsKey(exception.Number) ?? false;
+    }
+
+    public string BuildBadRequestMessage(string operation, string? entity, SqlException exception)
+    {
+        var target = string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(entity) ? "object" : entity;
+        var options = _optionsMonitor.CurrentValue;
+        var template = ResolveTemplate(options, exception.Number);
+
+        return template
+            .Replace("{Operation}", operation)
+            .Replace("{Target}", target)
+            .Replace("{ErrorMessage}", exception.Message);
+    }
+
+    private static string ResolveTemplate(SqlExceptionTranslatorOptions options, int errorNumber)
+    {
+        if (options.BadRequestMessages is not null &&
+            options.BadRequestMessages.TryGetValue(errorNumber, out var template) &&
+            !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(template))
+        {
+            return template;
+        }
+
+        return string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(options.DefaultBadRequestMessage)
+            ? SqlExceptionTranslatorOptions.DefaultFallbackMessage
+            : options.DefaultBadRequestMessage;
+    }
+}