diff --git a/DocumentOperator.Tests/Unit/Infrastructure/Services/PdfProcessing/DevExpressPdfProcessorTests.cs b/DocumentOperator.Tests/Unit/Infrastructure/Services/PdfProcessing/DevExpressPdfProcessorTests.cs
index d185666..b15378b 100644
--- a/DocumentOperator.Tests/Unit/Infrastructure/Services/PdfProcessing/DevExpressPdfProcessorTests.cs
+++ b/DocumentOperator.Tests/Unit/Infrastructure/Services/PdfProcessing/DevExpressPdfProcessorTests.cs
@@ -68,19 +68,20 @@ public class DevExpressPdfProcessorTests
     #region ValidateAsync Tests
 
     [Fact]
-    public async Task ValidateAsync_ValidPdf_ReturnsPdfMetadata()
+    public async Task ValidateAsync_ValidPdf_ReturnsPdfValidationResult()
     {
         // Arrange
         byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
 
         // Act
-        var metadata = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
 
         // Assert
-        metadata.Should().NotBeNull("a valid PDF should return metadata");
-        metadata.PageCount.Should().BeGreaterThan(0, "PDF must have at least one page");
-        metadata.FileSizeBytes.Should().Be(pdfBytes.Length, "file size should match input");
-        metadata.PdfVersion.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty("PDF version should be detected");
+        result.Should().NotBeNull("a valid PDF should return a result");
+        result.PageCount.Should().BeGreaterThan(0, "PDF must have at least one page");
+        result.FileSizeBytes.Should().Be(pdfBytes.Length, "file size must match input");
+        result.PdfVersion.Should().NotBeNullOrEmpty("PDF version should be detected");
+        result.FileSizeMB.Should().BeApproximately(pdfBytes.Length / 1024.0 / 1024.0, 0.01, "FileSizeMB should be derived from FileSizeBytes");
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -90,11 +91,10 @@ public class DevExpressPdfProcessorTests
         byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
 
         // Act
-        var metadata = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
 
         // Assert
-        // Deine valid.pdf hat wahrscheinlich 1-5 Seiten - passe an!
-        metadata.PageCount.Should().BeInRange(1, 100, "test PDF should have reasonable page count");
+        result.PageCount.Should().BeInRange(1, 100, "test PDF should have reasonable page count");
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -150,16 +150,112 @@ public class DevExpressPdfProcessorTests
         byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
 
         // Act
-        var metadata = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
 
         // Assert
         double expectedSizeMB = pdfBytes.Length / 1024.0 / 1024.0;
-        metadata.FileSizeMB.Should().BeApproximately(expectedSizeMB, 0.01,
+        result.FileSizeMB.Should().BeApproximately(expectedSizeMB, 0.01,
             "FileSizeMB should be calculated correctly from bytes");
     }
 
     #endregion
 
+    #region Encryption Detection Tests
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ValidateAsync_NormalPdf_IsEncryptedFalse()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
+
+        // Act
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+
+        // Assert
+        result.IsEncrypted.Should().BeFalse("valid.pdf is not password-protected");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task ValidatePdfAAsync_NormalPdf_EncryptedFalse()
+    {
+        // Arrange
+        byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
+
+        // Act
+        var result = await _sut.ValidatePdfAAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+
+        // Assert
+        result.Encrypted.Should().BeFalse("valid.pdf is not password-protected");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DetectEncryption_TrailerWithEncryptEntry_ReturnsTrueViaRawBytes()
+    {
+        // Validates the encryption detection logic directly by crafting PDF bytes
+        // that contain /Encrypt in the trailer section (last 2KB).
+        // The byte-level detection must identify this as encrypted.
+
+        // Build a minimal fake PDF where the trailer contains /Encrypt
+        // (we are not loading it with DevExpress — just testing the byte scanner)
+        var trailerBytes = System.Text.Encoding.Latin1.GetBytes(
+            "\ntrailer\n<< /Size 5 /Root 1 0 R /Encrypt 4 0 R >>\nstartxref\n370\n%%EOF\n");
+
+        // Pad with enough bytes so the trailer is within last 2KB
+        var padding = new byte[100];
+        Array.Fill(padding, (byte)0x20);
+        var pdfBytes = padding.Concat(trailerBytes).ToArray();
+
+        // Access private method via reflection to test it in isolation
+        var processorType = typeof(DocumentService.Infrastructure.Services.PdfProcessing.DevExpressPdfProcessor);
+        var detectMethod = processorType.GetMethod("DetectEncryption",
+            System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static);
+
+        detectMethod.Should().NotBeNull("DetectEncryption method should exist");
+        var detected = (bool)detectMethod!.Invoke(null, [pdfBytes])!;
+        detected.Should().BeTrue("trailer with /Encrypt 4 0 R should be detected as encrypted");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DetectEncryption_NoEncryptEntry_ReturnsFalseViaRawBytes()
+    {
+        // A PDF without /Encrypt in trailer should return false
+        var pdfBytes = System.Text.Encoding.Latin1.GetBytes(
+            "%PDF-1.4\n1 0 obj\n<< /Type /Catalog >>\nendobj\nxref\n0 2\ntrailer\n<< /Size 2 /Root 1 0 R >>\nstartxref\n10\n%%EOF\n");
+
+        var processorType = typeof(DocumentService.Infrastructure.Services.PdfProcessing.DevExpressPdfProcessor);
+        var detectMethod = processorType.GetMethod("DetectEncryption",
+            System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static);
+
+        var detected = (bool)detectMethod!.Invoke(null, [pdfBytes])!;
+        detected.Should().BeFalse("PDF without /Encrypt entry should not be detected as encrypted");
+    }
+
+    [Fact]
+    public async Task DetectEncryption_EncryptedKeywordNotAsStandaloneToken_ReturnsFalse()
+    {
+        // "/Encrypt" is NOT standalone if the next byte is a letter (e.g. "/Encryption", "/EncryptedData").
+        // Strategy 3 (full-file) checks token terminators.
+        // To isolate Strategy 3, we put the keyword well inside the file
+        // (not in first or last 2KB) so Strategies 1 and 2 don't fire.
+
+        // Build: 3KB prefix + "/Encryption more" + 3KB suffix + minimal trailer (no /Encrypt)
+        var prefix = new string('A', 3000);
+        var fakeContent = " /Encryption some data ";  // /Encrypt followed by 'i' — not a terminator
+        var suffix = new string('B', 3000);
+        var normalTrailer = "\ntrailer\n<< /Size 2 /Root 1 0 R >>\nstartxref\n10\n%%EOF\n";
+        var pdfBytes = System.Text.Encoding.Latin1.GetBytes(prefix + fakeContent + suffix + normalTrailer);
+
+        var processorType = typeof(DocumentService.Infrastructure.Services.PdfProcessing.DevExpressPdfProcessor);
+        var detectMethod = processorType.GetMethod("DetectEncryption",
+            System.Reflection.BindingFlags.NonPublic | System.Reflection.BindingFlags.Static);
+
+        var detected = (bool)detectMethod!.Invoke(null, [pdfBytes])!;
+        // /Encryption has 'i' after /Encrypt — 'i' is not a PDF token terminator → should NOT match
+        detected.Should().BeFalse("'/Encryption' (with letter suffix) should not match the '/Encrypt ' token");
+    }
+
+    #endregion
+
     #region Attachment Detection Tests
 
     [Fact]
@@ -169,13 +265,10 @@ public class DevExpressPdfProcessorTests
         byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("valid.pdf");
 
         // Act
-        var metadata = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
 
         // Assert
-        // Note: valid.pdf actually contains /EmbeddedFiles reference (15 0 R)
-        // This test just verifies that attachment detection doesn't crash
-        // The exact count depends on the PDF content
-        metadata.Should().NotBeNull();
+        result.Should().NotBeNull();
     }
 
     [Fact]
@@ -185,18 +278,14 @@ public class DevExpressPdfProcessorTests
         byte[] pdfBytes = LoadTestPdf("pdfWithMoreThanOneAttachment.pdf");
 
         // Act
-        var metadata = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
+        var result = await _sut.ValidateAsync(ToStream(pdfBytes));
 
         // Assert
-        metadata.HasAttachments.Should().BeTrue("PDF has multiple attachments");
-        metadata.AttachmentCount.Should().BeGreaterThan(1, "PDF has more than 1 attachment");
+        result.HasAttachments.Should().BeTrue("PDF has multiple attachments");
+        result.AttachmentCount.Should().BeGreaterThan(1, "PDF has more than 1 attachment");
+        result.IsEncrypted.Should().BeFalse("this PDF is not encrypted");
     }
 
-    // Note: Testing PDF with attachments requires a real ZUGFeRD PDF file
-    // as DevExpress PdfDocumentProcessor doesn't expose a simple API to create attachments.
-    // This test will be added when a ZUGFeRD test PDF is available.
-    // For now, we verify that attachment detection works (returns false for PDFs without attachments).
-
     #endregion
 
     #region CheckAttachmentsAsync Tests